Heavy metal and natural radionuclide levels in urban soils from Cienfuegos city, Cuba
Main Article Content
Abstract
Concentrations of heavy metals and natural radionuclides in topsoil (0-10cm) from Cienfuegos city, Cuba, were determined by using X-ray fluorescence analysis and gamma ray spectrometry, respectively. The measured results of heavy metals show that the mean concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the studied soil samples are higher than their corresponding background values. The calculated results of integrated pollution index of heavy metals indicate that the studied soils present severely heavy metal contamination. The concentrations of , and in the studied soil samples range from 8.3 to 32.7, 3.7 to 10.7 and 129 to 356 with an average of 22.6, 6.3 and 272 , respectively, which are similar than the average concentrations reported for South-central Cuban soils. The air absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose equivalent received by the local residents due to the natural radionuclides in soil are lesser than the worldwide established limits. A significantly positive -Cu and -Zn correlations were determined, indicating the possible existence of a source of pollution due to the presence of these elements in the area.
Article Details
How to Cite
Díaz Rizo, O., Quintana Miranda, E., & Alonso Hernández, C. M. (1). Heavy metal and natural radionuclide levels in urban soils from Cienfuegos city, Cuba. Nucleus, (54). Retrieved from http://nucleus.cubaenergia.cu/index.php/nucleus/article/view/586
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Ciencias Nucleares
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2. CHARLESWORTH S, DE MIGUEL E, ORDÓÑEZ A. A review of the distribution of particulate trace elements in urban terretrial environments and its application to considerations of risk. Environ Geochem Health. 2011; 33(2):103-123.
3. LUO X, YU S, ZHU Y, LI X. Trace metal contamination in urban soils of China. Sci Total Environ. 2012; (421-422): 17-30.
4. BREWSTER UC, PERAZELLA MA. A review of chronic lead intoxication: an unrecognized cause of chronic kidney disease. Am J Med Sci. 2004; 327(6): 341-347.
5. NAVAS-ACIEN A, GUALLAR E, SILBERGELD EK, ROTHENBERG SJ. Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease - A systematic review. Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115(3): 472-482.
6. LAIDLAW MAS, FILIPPELLI GM. Resuspension of urban soils as a persistent source of lead poisoning in children: A review and new directions. Appl Geochem. 2008; 23(8): 2021-2039.
7. MIELKE HW, LAIDLAW MAS, GONZALES C. Lead (Pb) legacy from vehicle traffic in eight California urbanized areas: Continuing influence of lead dust on children's health. Sci Total Environ. 2010; 408(19): 3965-3975.
8. United Nations Scienti?c Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. New York: United Nations, 2000.
9. WALLING DE, HE Q. The global distribution of bomb-derives 137Cs reference inventories. Final report on IAEA technical contract 10361/RO-R1. University of Exeter, 2000.
10. AL-SALEH FS, AL-HARSHAN GA. Measurements of radiation level in petroleum productsand wastes in Riyadh City Refinery. J Environ Radioact. 2008; 99(7): 1026-1031.
11. GAZINEU MHP, HAZIN CA. Radium and potassium-40 in solid wastes from the oil industry. Appl. Rad. Isot. 2008; 66(1): 90-94.
12. HAMLAT MS, DJEFFAL S, KADI H. Assessment of radiation exposures from naturally occurring radioactive materials in the oil and gas industry. Appl Rad Isot. 2001; 55(1): 141-146.
13. ADUKPO OK, AHIAMADJIE H, TANDOH JB, et. al. Assessment of NORM at diamond cement factory and its effects in the environment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2011; 287(7): 87-92.
14. ALONSO HERNÁNDEZ CM, PEREZ SANTANA S, MUÑOZ CARAVACA A, et. al. Historical trends in heavy metal pollution in the sediments of Cienfuegos Bay (Cuba), de?ned by 210Pb and 137Cs geochronology. Nucleus. 2005; (37): 20-26.
15. TOLOSA I, MESA ALBERNAS M, ALONSO HERNÁNDEZ CM. Inputs and source of hydrocarbons in sediments from Cienfuegos bay, Cuba. Mar Pollut Bull. 2009; 58(11): 1624-1634.
16. TOLOSA I, MESA ALBERNAS M, ALONSO HERNÁNDEZ CM. Organochlorine contamination (PCBs, DDTs, HCB, HCHs) in sediments from Cienfuegos bay, Cuba. Mar Pollut Bull. 2010; 60(9): 1619-1624.
17. JOVA L, DE LA CRUZ O, TOMÁS J, ÁVILA R. Estudios del fondo radioactivo ambiental en los alrededores de las futuras instalaciones nucleares cubanas. Nucleus. 1992; (13): 25-31.
18. JOVA L, PRENDES M, ÁVILA R, et. al. Estudio comparativo de las tasas de dosis gamma ambiental en la República de Cuba. Nucleus. 1993; (14): 4-17.
19. ALONSO HERNÁNDEZ CM, CARTAS ÁGUILA H, DÍAZ ASENCIO M, et. al. Atmospheric deposition of 137Cs between 1994 and 2002 at Cienfuegos, Cuba. J Environ Radioact. 2006; 88(2): 199-204.
20. SIBELLO RY, ALONSO CM, DÍAZ M, CARTAS H. Caracterización radiactiva de los suelos y productos agrícolas de la región Centro-Sur de Cuba. Nucleus. 2002; (31): 27-33.
21. WinAxil code.Version 4.5.2. WinAxil. [software]. CANBERRA MiTAC, 2005.
22. PADILLA R, MARKOWICZ A, WEGRZYNEK D, et. al. Quality management and method validation in EDXRF analysis. X-Ray Spectrom. 2007; 36(1): 27-34.
23. QUEVAUVILLER PH, MARRIER E. Quality assurance and quality control for environmental monitoring. Weinheim: VCH, 1995.
24. SURESH G, RAMASAMY V, MEENAKSHISUNDARAM V, et. al. Influence of mineralogical and heavy metal composition on natural radionuclide concentrations in the river sediments. Appl Radiat Isot. 2011; 69(10): 1466-1474.
25. LU X, WANG L, LI LY, et. al. Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals in street dust of Baoji, NW China. J Hazard Mater. 2010; 173(1-3): 744-749.
26. CHEN TB, ZHENG YM, LEI M, et. al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils of urban parks in Beijing, China. Chemosphere. 2005; 60(4): 542-551.
27. BERETKA J, MATHEW PJ. Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by products. Health Physics. 1985; 48(1): 87-95.
28. MEHRA R, SINGH S, SINGH K, SONKAWADW R. 226Ra, 232Th and 40K analysis in soil samples from some areas of Malwa region, Punjab, India using gamma ray spectrometry. Env Monit Assess. 2007; 134(1-3): 333-342.
29. Lu X, Liu W, Zhao C, Chen C. Environmental assessment of heavy metal and natural radioactivity in soil around a coal-fired power plant in China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2013; 295(3): 1845-1854.
30. GUO G, WU F, XIE F, ZHANG R. Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban soils from southwest China. J Environ Sci. 2012; 24(3): 410-418.