Estudio del contenido de metales pesados en suelos urbanos agrícolas
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Se determinan por fluorescencia de rayos X las concentraciones de Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn y Pb en los suelos superficiales (0–10 cm) de 10 granjas agrícolas, localizadas en la vecindad de la planta de acero del Cotorro (La Habana, Cuba). Los rangos de concentraciones de Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn y Pb fueron de 54-186, 15-39, 19-137, 50-945, 91-7739 y 21-731 de peso seco respectivamente. Los contenidos medios de metales pesados en los suelos superficiales de las granjas se comparan con los niveles de metales pesados reportados en la literatura para suelos adyacentes a plantas de acero. La normalización de los metales al hierro y la estimación del los índices de polución integral, permitió determinar que los suelos contaminados por metales pesados fueron aquellos, cuya ubicación coincide con la dirección predominante de los vientos en la zona estudiada. Los valores del índice de enriquecimiento mostraron que las concentraciones de metales pesados en los suelos de esas granjas, superan los niveles permisibles para la agricultura urbana.
Detalles del artículo
Cómo citar
Díaz Rizo, O., Lima Cazorla, L., García Céspedes, D., D´Alessandro RodríguezK., & Torres Leyva, O. (1). Estudio del contenido de metales pesados en suelos urbanos agrícolas. Nucleus, (57). Recuperado a partir de http://nucleus.cubaenergia.cu/index.php/nucleus/article/view/606
Número
Sección
Ciencias Nucleares
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Citas
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[2] YUAN GL, SUN TH, HAN P, LI J. Environmental geochemical mapping and multivariate geostatistical analysis of heavy metals in topsoils of a closed steel smelter: Capital Iron & Steel Factory, Beijing,
China. J Geochem Explor. 2013, 130:15-21. doi:.10.1016/j. gexplo.2013.10.002.
[3] MEADOWS M, WATMOUGH SA. An assessment of long-term risks of metals in Sudbury: a critical loads approach. Water, Air & Soil Pollut. 2012; 223(7): 4343-4354.
[4] NKONGOLO KK, VAILLANCOURT A, DOBRZENIECKA S, et. al. Metal content in soil and black spruce (Picea mariana) trees in the Sudbury Region (Ontario, Canada): low concentration of arsenic, cadmium, and nickel detected near smelter sources. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008; 80(2): 107-111. doi:10.1007/s00128-007
-9325-1.
[5] PELFRÊNE A, WATERLOT C, DOUAY F. Influence of land use on human bioaccessibility of metals in smelter-impacted soils. Environ Pollut. 2013; 178: 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.008.
[6] WATERLOT C, BIDAR G, PELFRÊNE A, et. al. Contamination, fractionation and availability of metals in urban soils in the vicinity of former lead and zinc smelters, France. Pedosphere. 2013; 23(2):143-159.
[7] HUARONG Z, BEICHENG X, CHEN F, PENG Z, SHILI S. Human health risk from soil heavy metal contamination under different land uses near Dabaoshan Mine, Southern China. Sci Tot Environ. 2012; (417-418): 45-54. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.047.
[8] SÄUMEL I, KOTSYUK I, HÖLSCHER M, et. al. How healthy is urban horticulture in high traffic areas? Trace metal concentrations in vegetable crops from plantings within inner city neighbourhoods in Berlin, Germany. Environ Pollut, 2012; 165:124-132. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.02.019.
[9] LEAKE J, ADAM-BRADFORD A, RIGBY JE. Health benefi ts of ‘grow your own’ food in urban areas: implications for contaminated land risk assessment and risk management?. Environ Health. 2009; 8 (Suppl 1): S6 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S6.
[10] SHARMA RK, AGRAWAL M, MARSHALL FM. Heavy metals in vegetables collected from production and market sites of a tropical urban area in India. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47(3): 583-591. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.12 .016.
[11] KACHENKO AG, SINGH B. Heavy metals contamination in vegetables grown in urban and metal smelter contaminated sites in Australia. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2006; 169(1): 101-123.
[12] Cuban National Statistical Office. Cuban Population at December 31, 2010 (in Spanish). [on-line]. Available in:
[13] ALTIERI MA, COMPANIONI N, CAÑIZARES K, et. al. The greening of the ‘‘barrios’’: urban agriculture for food security in Cuba. Agric Hum Values. 1999, 16(2): 131-140.
[14] DÍAZ RIZO O, ECHEVARRÍA CASTILLO F, ARADO LÓPEZ JO, HERNÁNDEZ MERLO M. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in urban soils of Havana city, Cuba. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011; 87(4): 414-419. doi:10.1007/s00128-011-0378 -9.
[15] DÍAZ RIZO O, COTO HERNÁNDEZ I, ARADO LÓPEZ JO, et. al. Chromium, Cobalt and Nickel content in urban soils from Moa, northeastern Cuba. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011; 86(2): 189-193. doi:10.1007/s00128-010-0173-z.
[16] OLIVARES RIEUMONT S, LIMA L, DE LA ROSA D, et. al. Water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) as indicators of heavy metal impact of a large landfill on the Almendares River near Havana, Cuba. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007; 79(6): 583-587. doi: 10.1007/s00128-007-9305-5
[17] DÍAZ RIZO O, HERNÁNDEZ MERLO M, ECHEVARRÍA CASTILLO F, ARADO LÓPEZ JO. Assessment of metal pollution in soils from a former Havana (Cuba) solid waste open dump. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2012; 88(2): 182-186. doi:10.1007/s00128-011 -0505-7.
[18] WinAxil code.Version 4.5.2. WinAxil. CANBERRA MiTAC [software]. 2005.
[19] PADILLA R, MARKOWICZ A, WEGRZYNEK D, et. al. Quality management and method validation in EDXRF analysis. X-Ray Spectrom. 2007; 36(1): 27-34.
[20] QUEVAUVILLER PH, MARRIER E. Quality assurance and quality control for environmental monitoring. Weinheim: VCH, 1995.
[21] YAY OD, ALAGHA O, TUNCEL G. Multivariate statistics to investigate metal contamination in surface soil. Environ Manag. 2008; 86(4): 581-594.
[22] MASON B, MOORE CB. Principle of geochemistry. New York: Wiley, 1982.
[23] BIRCH G. A scheme for assessing human impacts on coastal aquatic environment using sediments. In: Coastal GIS 2003: an integrated approach to Australian coastal issues. Wollongong, Australia: Centre for Maritime Policy, University of Wollongong, 2003. Series: Wollongong papers on maritime policy. No. 14.
[24] CHEN TB, ZHENG YM, LEI M, et. al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils of urban parks in Beijing, China. Chemosphere . 2005; 60(4): 542-551. doi:10.1016/j. chemosphere.2004.12.072.
[25] LEE JS, CHON HT, KIM KW. Migration and dispersion of trace elements in the rock–soil–plant system in areas underlain by black shales and slates of the Okchon Zone, Korea. J Geochem Explor. 1998; 65(1): 61-78.
[26] SWARTJES AF. Risk-based assessment of soil and groundwater quality in the Netherlands: standards and remediation urgency. Risk Anal. 1999; 18(6):1235-1249.
[27] LI F, FAN Z, XIAO P, et. al. Contamination, chemical speciation and vertical distribution of heavy metals in soils of an old and large industrial zone in Northeast China. Environ Geol. 2009, 57(8): 1815–1823. doi: 10.1007/s00254-008-1469-8
[28] KRISHNA AK, GOVIL PK. Soil contamination due to heavy metals from an industrial area of Surat, Gujarat, Western India. Environ Monit Assess. 2007; 124(1-3): 263-275. doi:10.1007/s10661-006 -9224-7
[29] ZHAO YF, SHI XZ, HUANG B, et. al. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils of an industry-based peri-urban area in Wuxi, China. Pedosphere. 2007; 17(1): 44-51.
[30] ADAMO P, ARIENZO M, BIANCO MR, et. al. Heavy metal contamination of the soils used for stocking raw materials in the former ILVA iron – steel industrial plant of Bagnoli (southern Italy). Sci Total Environ. 2002; 295(1-3): 17-34.
[31] BIASIOLI M, GR?MAN H, KRALJ T, et. al. Potentially toxic elements contamination in urban soils: a comparison of three European cities. J Environ Qual. 2007; 36(1): 70-79. doi:10.2134/ jeq2006.0254.
[32] MURRAY H, PINCHIN TA, MACFIE SM. Compost application affects metal uptake in plants grown in urban garden soils and potential human health risk. J Soils Sedim. 2011; 11(5): 815-829. doi:10.1007/s11368-011-0359 –y.
[33] National Office of Normalization. Metallic contaminant in food sanitary regulation. NC-493. Havana: National Office of Normalization, 2006. (in Spanish).