Assessment of historical heavy metal content in healing muds from San Diego river (Cuba) using nuclear analytical techniques
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Abstract
Behavior of heavy metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) content in -dated healing mud profiles from San Diego river outlet (western Cuba) has been studied using X-ray fluorescence analysis. Iron-normalized enrichment factors indicate the Co, Ni, Cu and Zn natural origin (Enrichment Factor » 1), reflecting a low anthropogenic impact to the area in the last 100 years. A minor lead enrichment (EF = 2) in the last few decades was determined. The heavy metal levels in most recent mud (0-5 cm, on mg.kg-1 dry weight) were: Co = 18 ± 2, Ni = 62 ± 8, Cu = 52 ± 2, Zn = 72 ± 4 and Pb = 28 ± 2. The comparison with reported Earth’s upper crust average shales and muds, and with data reported for different muds used for medical purposes shows that heavy metal content in San Diego River mud is suitable for its use with therapeutic purposes.
Article Details
How to Cite
Díaz Rizo, O., Gelen Rudnikas, A., & D´Alessandro RodríguezK. (1). Assessment of historical heavy metal content in healing muds from San Diego river (Cuba) using nuclear analytical techniques. Nucleus, (53). Retrieved from http://nucleus.cubaenergia.cu/index.php/nucleus/article/view/581
Section
Ciencias Nucleares
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29. SUMMA V, TATEO F. The use of pelitic raw materials in thermal centres: mineralogy, geochemistry, grain-size and leaching tests. Examples from Lucania area (southern Italy). Appl. Clay Sci. 1998; 12(5): 403-417.
30. CARRETERO MI, POZO M, MARTÍN RUBÍ JA, et. al. Mobility of elements in interaction between artificial sweat and peloids used in Spanish spas. Appl. Clay Sci. 2010; 48(3): 506-515.
31. MIKO S, KOCH G, MESIC S, et. al. Anthropogenic in?uence on trace element geochemistry of healing mud (peloid) from Makirina Cove (Croatia). Environ. Geol. 2008; 55(3): 517–537
32. TATEO F, SUMMA V. Element mobility in clays for healing use. Appl. Clay Sci. 2007; 36(1-3): 64-76.
33. TATEO F, RAVAGLIOLI A, ANDREOLI C, et. al. The in-vitro percutaneous migration of chemical elements from a thermal mud for healing use. Appl. Clay Sci. 2009; 44(1-2): 83-94.
2. CARRETERO MI. Clay minerals and their beneficial effects upon human health. A review. Appl. Clay Sci. 2002; 21(3): 155-163.
3. VENIALE F, BARBERIS E, CARCANGIU G, et. al. Formulation of muds for pelotherapy: effects of “maturation” by different mineral waters. Appl. Clay Sci. 2004; 25(3-4): 135-148.
4. MASCOLO N, SUMMA V, TATEO F. In vivo experimental data on the mobility of hazardous chemical elements from clays. Appl. Clay Sci. 2004; 25(1-2): 23-28.
5. GOMES CSF, SILVA JBP. Minerals and clay minerals in medical geology. Appl. Clay Sci. 2007; 36(1-3): 4-21.
6. DYBCZYNSKI R, SUSCHNY O. Reference Material SL-1 “Lake sediment”. Report IAEA/RL/64. Vienna: IAEA, 1974.
7. DYBCZYNSKI R, TUGSAVUL A, SUSCHNY O. Soil-5, a new IAEA certified reference material for trace elements determinations. Geostand. Geoanalyt. Res. 2007; 3: 61-87.
8. PSZONICKI L. Reference material IAEA soil-7. Report IAEA/RL/112. Vienna: IAEA, 1984.
9. WILSON SA. The collection, preparation and testing of USGS reference material BCR-2, Columbia River, Basalt, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-00x, 1997.
10. WinAxil. WinAxil code.Version 4.5.2. [software]. CANBERRA-MiTAC, 2005.
11. PADILLA R, MARKOWICZ A, WEGRZYNEK D, et. al. Quality management and method validation in EDXRF analysis. X-Ray Spectrom. 2007; 36(1): 27-34.
12. QUEVAUVILLER PH, MARRIER E. Quality assurance and quality control for environmental monitoring. Weinheim: VCH, 1995.
13. IAEA reference material 356 “polluted marine sediment”. IAEA/AL/080 Report. Vienna: IAEA, 1994.
14. SCHROPP SJ, LEWIS FG, WINDOM HL, et. al. Interpretation of metal concentration in estuarine sediments of Florida using aluminum as reference element. Estuaries. 1990; 13(3): 227-235.
15. VRECA P, DOLENEC T. Geochemical estimation of cooper contamination in the healing mud from Makirina Bay, central Adriatic. Environ. Internat. 2005; 31(1): 53-61.
16. MUCHA AP, VASCONCELOS MTSD, BORDALO AA. Macrobenthic community in the Douro estuary: relations with trace metals and natural sediment characteristics. Environ. Pollut. 2003; 121(2): 169-180.
17. VILLARES R, PUENTE X, CARBALLEIRA A. Heavy metals in sandy sediments of the Rias Baixas (NW Spain). Environ. Monit.Assess. 2003; 83(2): 129-144.
18. GELEN A, SOTO J, GÓMEZ J, DÍAZ O. Sediment dating of Santander Bay, Spain. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2004; 261(2): 437-441.
19. GÓMEZ J, SOTO J. Ejercicio de intercomparación de resultados de medida de radiactividad en la Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental. Madrid: Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear, 1998.
20. DÍAZ RIZO O, LÓPEZ PINO N, D´ALESSANDRO K, et. al. Characterization of the low-background gamma spectrometer at INSTEC for environmental radioactivity studies. Nucleus. 2009; (46): 21-26.
21. CURRIE LA. Limits for quantitative detection and quantitative determination. Anal. Chem. 1968; 40(3): 586-592.
22. ALONSO C, DÍAZ M, MUÑOZ A, et. al. Levels of radioactivity in the Cuban marine environment. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 1998; 75(1-4): 69-70.
23. REYES H, LÓPEZ PINO N, DÍAZ RIZO O, et. al. Environmental radioactivity study in surface sediments of Guacanayabo gulf (Cuba). AIP Conf Proc. 2009; 1139: 156-157.
24. WALLING DE, HE Q. The global distribution of bomb-derives 137Cs reference inventories. Final Report on IAEA Technical Contract 10361/RO-R1. University of Exeter, 2000.
25. JETER HW. Determining the ages of recent sediments using measurements of trace radioactivity. Terra et Aqua. 2000; 78: 21-28.
26. National Office of Normalization. Norma Cubana (NC 6). Peloids. Specifications. Cuban national bureau of standards. Havana, 1998. (in Spanish).
27. LI YH. A compendium of geochemistry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
28. MASCOLO N, SUMMA V, TATEO F. Characterization of toxic elements in clays for human healing use. Appl. Clay Sci. 1999; 15(5-6): 491-500.
29. SUMMA V, TATEO F. The use of pelitic raw materials in thermal centres: mineralogy, geochemistry, grain-size and leaching tests. Examples from Lucania area (southern Italy). Appl. Clay Sci. 1998; 12(5): 403-417.
30. CARRETERO MI, POZO M, MARTÍN RUBÍ JA, et. al. Mobility of elements in interaction between artificial sweat and peloids used in Spanish spas. Appl. Clay Sci. 2010; 48(3): 506-515.
31. MIKO S, KOCH G, MESIC S, et. al. Anthropogenic in?uence on trace element geochemistry of healing mud (peloid) from Makirina Cove (Croatia). Environ. Geol. 2008; 55(3): 517–537
32. TATEO F, SUMMA V. Element mobility in clays for healing use. Appl. Clay Sci. 2007; 36(1-3): 64-76.
33. TATEO F, RAVAGLIOLI A, ANDREOLI C, et. al. The in-vitro percutaneous migration of chemical elements from a thermal mud for healing use. Appl. Clay Sci. 2009; 44(1-2): 83-94.