Assessment of heavy metal content in urban agricultural soils
Main Article Content
Abstract
Concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the topsoils (0–10 cm) from ten farms located in the vicinity of a steel-smelter plant at Cotorro (Havana, Cuba) were measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The concentration ranges of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were 54-186, 15-39, 19-137, 50-945, 91-7739 and 21-731 dry weight respectively. The metal mean contents in the farm topsoil samples were compared with metal contents reported for soils from the vicinity of other smelters worldwide. The Metal-to-Iron normalisation and estimation of the integral pollution indexes allowed observing that most metal polluted soils are from those farms, and that their location coincide with the prevalent wind direction in the studied area. The enrichment index values show that metal concentrations in soils from these farms are above the permissible levels for urban agriculture.
Article Details
How to Cite
Díaz Rizo, O., Lima Cazorla, L., García Céspedes, D., D´Alessandro RodríguezK., & Torres Leyva, O. (1). Assessment of heavy metal content in urban agricultural soils. Nucleus, (57). Retrieved from http://nucleus.cubaenergia.cu/index.php/nucleus/article/view/606
Section
Ciencias Nucleares
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References
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[30] ADAMO P, ARIENZO M, BIANCO MR, et. al. Heavy metal contamination of the soils used for stocking raw materials in the former ILVA iron – steel industrial plant of Bagnoli (southern Italy). Sci Total Environ. 2002; 295(1-3): 17-34.
[31] BIASIOLI M, GR?MAN H, KRALJ T, et. al. Potentially toxic elements contamination in urban soils: a comparison of three European cities. J Environ Qual. 2007; 36(1): 70-79. doi:10.2134/ jeq2006.0254.
[32] MURRAY H, PINCHIN TA, MACFIE SM. Compost application affects metal uptake in plants grown in urban garden soils and potential human health risk. J Soils Sedim. 2011; 11(5): 815-829. doi:10.1007/s11368-011-0359 –y.
[33] National Office of Normalization. Metallic contaminant in food sanitary regulation. NC-493. Havana: National Office of Normalization, 2006. (in Spanish).
[2] YUAN GL, SUN TH, HAN P, LI J. Environmental geochemical mapping and multivariate geostatistical analysis of heavy metals in topsoils of a closed steel smelter: Capital Iron & Steel Factory, Beijing,
China. J Geochem Explor. 2013, 130:15-21. doi:.10.1016/j. gexplo.2013.10.002.
[3] MEADOWS M, WATMOUGH SA. An assessment of long-term risks of metals in Sudbury: a critical loads approach. Water, Air & Soil Pollut. 2012; 223(7): 4343-4354.
[4] NKONGOLO KK, VAILLANCOURT A, DOBRZENIECKA S, et. al. Metal content in soil and black spruce (Picea mariana) trees in the Sudbury Region (Ontario, Canada): low concentration of arsenic, cadmium, and nickel detected near smelter sources. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008; 80(2): 107-111. doi:10.1007/s00128-007
-9325-1.
[5] PELFRÊNE A, WATERLOT C, DOUAY F. Influence of land use on human bioaccessibility of metals in smelter-impacted soils. Environ Pollut. 2013; 178: 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.008.
[6] WATERLOT C, BIDAR G, PELFRÊNE A, et. al. Contamination, fractionation and availability of metals in urban soils in the vicinity of former lead and zinc smelters, France. Pedosphere. 2013; 23(2):143-159.
[7] HUARONG Z, BEICHENG X, CHEN F, PENG Z, SHILI S. Human health risk from soil heavy metal contamination under different land uses near Dabaoshan Mine, Southern China. Sci Tot Environ. 2012; (417-418): 45-54. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.047.
[8] SÄUMEL I, KOTSYUK I, HÖLSCHER M, et. al. How healthy is urban horticulture in high traffic areas? Trace metal concentrations in vegetable crops from plantings within inner city neighbourhoods in Berlin, Germany. Environ Pollut, 2012; 165:124-132. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.02.019.
[9] LEAKE J, ADAM-BRADFORD A, RIGBY JE. Health benefi ts of ‘grow your own’ food in urban areas: implications for contaminated land risk assessment and risk management?. Environ Health. 2009; 8 (Suppl 1): S6 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S6.
[10] SHARMA RK, AGRAWAL M, MARSHALL FM. Heavy metals in vegetables collected from production and market sites of a tropical urban area in India. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47(3): 583-591. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.12 .016.
[11] KACHENKO AG, SINGH B. Heavy metals contamination in vegetables grown in urban and metal smelter contaminated sites in Australia. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2006; 169(1): 101-123.
[12] Cuban National Statistical Office. Cuban Population at December 31, 2010 (in Spanish). [on-line]. Available in:
[13] ALTIERI MA, COMPANIONI N, CAÑIZARES K, et. al. The greening of the ‘‘barrios’’: urban agriculture for food security in Cuba. Agric Hum Values. 1999, 16(2): 131-140.
[14] DÍAZ RIZO O, ECHEVARRÍA CASTILLO F, ARADO LÓPEZ JO, HERNÁNDEZ MERLO M. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in urban soils of Havana city, Cuba. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011; 87(4): 414-419. doi:10.1007/s00128-011-0378 -9.
[15] DÍAZ RIZO O, COTO HERNÁNDEZ I, ARADO LÓPEZ JO, et. al. Chromium, Cobalt and Nickel content in urban soils from Moa, northeastern Cuba. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011; 86(2): 189-193. doi:10.1007/s00128-010-0173-z.
[16] OLIVARES RIEUMONT S, LIMA L, DE LA ROSA D, et. al. Water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) as indicators of heavy metal impact of a large landfill on the Almendares River near Havana, Cuba. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007; 79(6): 583-587. doi: 10.1007/s00128-007-9305-5
[17] DÍAZ RIZO O, HERNÁNDEZ MERLO M, ECHEVARRÍA CASTILLO F, ARADO LÓPEZ JO. Assessment of metal pollution in soils from a former Havana (Cuba) solid waste open dump. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2012; 88(2): 182-186. doi:10.1007/s00128-011 -0505-7.
[18] WinAxil code.Version 4.5.2. WinAxil. CANBERRA MiTAC [software]. 2005.
[19] PADILLA R, MARKOWICZ A, WEGRZYNEK D, et. al. Quality management and method validation in EDXRF analysis. X-Ray Spectrom. 2007; 36(1): 27-34.
[20] QUEVAUVILLER PH, MARRIER E. Quality assurance and quality control for environmental monitoring. Weinheim: VCH, 1995.
[21] YAY OD, ALAGHA O, TUNCEL G. Multivariate statistics to investigate metal contamination in surface soil. Environ Manag. 2008; 86(4): 581-594.
[22] MASON B, MOORE CB. Principle of geochemistry. New York: Wiley, 1982.
[23] BIRCH G. A scheme for assessing human impacts on coastal aquatic environment using sediments. In: Coastal GIS 2003: an integrated approach to Australian coastal issues. Wollongong, Australia: Centre for Maritime Policy, University of Wollongong, 2003. Series: Wollongong papers on maritime policy. No. 14.
[24] CHEN TB, ZHENG YM, LEI M, et. al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils of urban parks in Beijing, China. Chemosphere . 2005; 60(4): 542-551. doi:10.1016/j. chemosphere.2004.12.072.
[25] LEE JS, CHON HT, KIM KW. Migration and dispersion of trace elements in the rock–soil–plant system in areas underlain by black shales and slates of the Okchon Zone, Korea. J Geochem Explor. 1998; 65(1): 61-78.
[26] SWARTJES AF. Risk-based assessment of soil and groundwater quality in the Netherlands: standards and remediation urgency. Risk Anal. 1999; 18(6):1235-1249.
[27] LI F, FAN Z, XIAO P, et. al. Contamination, chemical speciation and vertical distribution of heavy metals in soils of an old and large industrial zone in Northeast China. Environ Geol. 2009, 57(8): 1815–1823. doi: 10.1007/s00254-008-1469-8
[28] KRISHNA AK, GOVIL PK. Soil contamination due to heavy metals from an industrial area of Surat, Gujarat, Western India. Environ Monit Assess. 2007; 124(1-3): 263-275. doi:10.1007/s10661-006 -9224-7
[29] ZHAO YF, SHI XZ, HUANG B, et. al. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils of an industry-based peri-urban area in Wuxi, China. Pedosphere. 2007; 17(1): 44-51.
[30] ADAMO P, ARIENZO M, BIANCO MR, et. al. Heavy metal contamination of the soils used for stocking raw materials in the former ILVA iron – steel industrial plant of Bagnoli (southern Italy). Sci Total Environ. 2002; 295(1-3): 17-34.
[31] BIASIOLI M, GR?MAN H, KRALJ T, et. al. Potentially toxic elements contamination in urban soils: a comparison of three European cities. J Environ Qual. 2007; 36(1): 70-79. doi:10.2134/ jeq2006.0254.
[32] MURRAY H, PINCHIN TA, MACFIE SM. Compost application affects metal uptake in plants grown in urban garden soils and potential human health risk. J Soils Sedim. 2011; 11(5): 815-829. doi:10.1007/s11368-011-0359 –y.
[33] National Office of Normalization. Metallic contaminant in food sanitary regulation. NC-493. Havana: National Office of Normalization, 2006. (in Spanish).