Isotopic composition of meteoric waters. A look at the theoretical foundations and experiences of Cuba in its characterization
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Published:
Jul 31, 2025
Keywords:
stable isotope composition, meteoric water, theoretical framework, research published, isotope hydrology
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Abstract
Water stands as a critical resource for life on Earth. While atmospheric water comprises a minor portion of the global water balance, it plays a pivotal role in the hydrological cycle, climate regulation, and meteorological phenomena. The stable isotopes composition of meteoric water contains significant information on fractionation and mixing processes from its origine to its precipitation.
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical framework supporting the study of the isotope composition of precipitation. A particular reference on the methods of analytical determination and the key factors influencing its variability as outlined in the existing literature. Furthermore, a concise assessment of the previous research published for the country is presented, pinpointing the primary gaps that hinder the application of isotope hydrology tools.
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How to Cite
García Moya, A., Alonso Hernández, C. M., Díaz Rizo, O., & Sánchez Llull, M. (2025). Isotopic composition of meteoric waters. A look at the theoretical foundations and experiences of Cuba in its characterization. Nucleus, (75), 9-18. Retrieved from http://nucleus.cubaenergia.cu/index.php/nucleus/article/view/802
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Ciencias Nucleares
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References
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[25]. HORITA J. Hydrogen isotope analysis of natural waters using an H2-water equilibration method: a special implication to brines. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section 1988; 72(1): 89-94. doi:10.1016/0168-9622(88)90040-1.
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[28]. AKAMATSU F, SHIMIZU H, KAMADA A. et. al. Increase in the oxygen stable isotopic composition of water in wine with low ethanol yield. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(11039). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47331-0.
[29]. WONG WW & CLARKE LL. A Hydrogen Gas-Water Equilibration Method Produces Accurate and Precise Stable Hydrogen Isotope Ratio Measurements in Nutrition Studies1,2. J Nutr. 2012; 142(11): 2057-2062. doi:10.3945/jn.112.167957.
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[31]. PIERCHALA A, ROZANSKI K, DULINSKI M, et. al. High-precision measurements of δ2h, δ18o and δ17o in water with the aid of cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy. isotopes in environmental and health studies. 2019; 55(3): 290-307. doi:10.1080/10256016.2019.1609959.
[32]. HARRIS SJ, LIISBERG J, XIA LL, et. al. N2O isotopocule measurements using laser spectroscopy: analyzer characterization and intercomparison. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2020; 13(5): 2797-2831.
[33]. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Laser spectroscopic analysis of liquid water samples for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. IAEA-TCS-35 Vienna: IAEA, 2009.
[34]. GAT JR, MOOK WG, MEIJER HAJ. Atmospheric Water. In: environmental isotopes in the hydrological cycle: principles and applications. Technical documents in hydrology. Vol. II. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Paris/Vienna, 2000.
[35]. PUTMAN AL, FIORELLA RP, BOWEN GJ CAI Z. A global perspective on local meteoric water lines: meta-analytic insight into fundamental controls and practical constraints. Water Resources Research. 2019; 55: (8): 6896-6910. doi:10.1029/2019WR025181.
[36]. HUGHES CE, CRAWFORD J. A new precipitation weighted method for determining the meteoric water line for hydrological applications demonstrated using australian and global gnip data. Journal of Hydrology. 2012; 464-465: 344-351. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.07.029.
[37]. AGGARWAL PK, ROMATSCHKE U, ARAGUAS ARAGUAS L, et. al. Proportions of convective and stratiform precipitation revealed in water isotope ratios. Nature Geosci. 2016; 9: 624-629. doi:10.1038/ngeo2739.
[38]. BAISDEN WT, KELLER ED, VAN HALE R, et. al. Precipitation isoscapes for new zealand: enhanced temporal detail using precipitation-weighted daily climatology †. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies. 2016; 52: 343-352, doi:10.1080/10256016.2016.1153472.
[39]. SÁNCHEZ MURILLO, R.; DURÁN QUESADA AM, ESQUIVEL HERNÁNDEZ G, et. al. Deciphering key processes controlling rainfall isotopic variability during extreme tropical cyclones. Nat Commun. 2019; 10: 4321. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12062-3.
[40]. PFAHL S, SODEMANN H. What controls deuterium excess in global precipitation? Climate of the Past. 2014; 10: 771-781. doi:10.5194/cp-10-771-2014.
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[45]. AMPUERO GRÁNDEZ A. Evaluación de los indicadores isotópicos en las precipitaciones de la Cuenca del Alto Mayo para su aplicación en la hidrología [tesis en opción del grado de Ingeniero Agrícola]. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola. Lima, Perú, 2016.
[46]. AMPUERO A, STRÍKIS NM, APAÉSTEGUI J, et. al. the forest effects on the isotopic composition of rainfall in the northwestern Amazon Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2020; 125. e2019JD031445, doi:10.1029/2019JD031445.
[47]. ZHANG F, HUANG T, MAN W , et. al. Contribution of recycled moisture to precipitation: a modified d-excess-based model. Geophysical Research Letters. 2021; 48: e2021GL095909. doi:10.1029/2021GL095909.
[48]. LUO P, PENG P, GLEIXNER G, et. al. Empirical relationship between leaf wax n-alkane δd and altitude in the wuyi, shennongjia and tianshan mountains, china: implications for paleoaltimetry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2011; 301: 285-296. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.012.
[49]. JING Z., YU W, LEWIS S, et al. Inverse altitude effect disputes the theoretical foundation of stable isotope paleoaltimetry. Nat Commun. 2022; 13: 4371. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32172-9.
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[2]. SOSA TRUJILLO E. Estudio de la composición isotópica de la precipitación y del vapor de agua en la región subtropical, Canarias [tesis de doctorado]. Universidad de La Laguna: Canarias, España, 2015.
[3]. AGGARWAL PK, FROEHLICH K, GONFIANTINI R. Contributions of the International Atomic Energy Agency to the development and practice of isotope hydrology. Hydrogeol J. 2011; 19: 5-8. doi:10.1007/s10040-010-0648-3.
[4]. BOWEN GJ, CAI Z, FIORELLA RP, PUTMAN AL. Isotopes in the water cycle: regional- to global-scale patterns and applications. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 2019; 47: 453-479. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060220.
[5]. CRAIG H. Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science, New Series 1961; 133, 1702-1703.
[6]. DANSGAARD W. Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus. 1964; 16: 436-468. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00181.x.
[7]. ROZANSKI K, ARAGUÁS ARAGUÁS L, GONFIANTINI R. Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation. In: Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records. Geophysical Monograph Series. Vol. 78. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC. 1-36. doi:10.1029/GM078p0001.
[8]. WEI H, WANG J, LI M, WEN M, LU Y. Assessing the applicability of mainstream global isoscapes for predicting δ18O, δ2H, and d-excess in precipitation across China. Water. 2023; 15: 3181, doi:10.3390/w15183181.
[9]. GAT JR. Atmospheric Water balance-the isotopic perspective. Hydrological Processes. 2000; 14: 1357-1369.
[10]. KENDALL C & MCDONNELL JJ. Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology. Elsevier: Amsterdam -New York, 1998. ISBN 978-0-444-81546-0.
[11]. MOLERIO LEÓN LF. Composición química e isotópica de las aguas de lluvia de Cuba. Viñales, Pinar del Río, Cuba, 1992.
[12]. ARELLANO DM, FEITOO R, SEILER KP, et. al. Isotopic study of the southern plain in the Pinar Del Rio province, Cuba. In: Estudios de hidrología isotópica en América Latina. IAEA-TECDOC- 502. Vienna: IAEA, 1989. pp. 229-243.
[13]. GONZÁLEZ BÁEZ AE, SEILER KP, et. al. Estudio mediante isótopos ambientales del origen de las aguas subterráneas y de la intrusión salina en la parte central de la cuenca sur de Matanzas, Cuba. In: Estudios de hidrología isotópica en América Latina. IAEA-TECDOC- 502. Vienna: IAEA, 1989.. pp. 245-258.
[14]. PERALTA VITAL JL, GIL CASTILLO R, DAPEÑA DAPEÑA C, et. al. hidrología isotópica, herramienta nuclear para la gestión sostenible del recurso hídrico. Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental. 2015; XXXVI: 57-52.
[15]. BOSCHETTI T, GONZÁLEZ HERNÁNDEZ P, HERNÁNDEZ DÍAZ R, et. al. Seawater Intrusion in the Guanahacabibes Peninsula (Pinar Del Rio Province, Western Cuba): Effects on Karst Development and Water Isotope Composition. Environ Earth Sci. 2015, 73: 5703-5719. doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3825-1.
[16]. MOLERIO LEÓN L. Miembros Geoquímicos terminales y de transición de las aguas cársicas de Cuba (III). Composición e interpretación isotópica de las aguas de lluvia. Gota a Gota. 2020; (22): 70-82.
[17]. FRY B. Stable isotope ecology. Springer Science-Business Media: Los Angeles, EUA, 2006;
[18]. DE GROOT PA. Handbook of stable isotope analytical techniques. Elsevier, 2005. Vol. 2.
[19]. REYES CAMACHO E. Geoquímica de isótopos estables: fundamentos, técnicas y aplicaciones. In: Geoquímica Isotópica Aplicada al Medioambiente. Seminarios de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía. 2004; 1: 1-19.
[20]. SHARP Z. Principles of Stable Isotope Geochemistry. 2nd Edition. 2017, https://doi.org/10.25844/h9q1-0p82.
[21]. DE GROOT PA. Handbook of stable isotope analytical techniques. Elsevier, 2009. Vol. II.
[22]. GATJR. Isotope hydrology: a study of the water cycle. World Scientific, 2010. ISBN 978-1-84816-474-1.
[23]. SHARP ZD. Stable isotope techniques for gas source mass spectrometry. In: treatise on geochemistry. 2nd Edition. Elsevier, 2014. pp. 291-307.
[24]. WERNER RA, BRAND WA. Referencing strategies and techniques in stable isotope ratio analysis. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2001; 15: 501-519, doi:10.1002/rcm.258.
[25]. HORITA J. Hydrogen isotope analysis of natural waters using an H2-water equilibration method: a special implication to brines. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section 1988; 72(1): 89-94. doi:10.1016/0168-9622(88)90040-1.
[26]. COPLEN TB, WILDMAN JD, CHEN, JULIE. Improvements in the gaseous hydrogen-water equilibration technique for hydrogen isotope-ratio analysis. Anal. Chem. 1991; 63(9): 910–912. doi:10.1021/ac00009a014.
[27]. KELLY SD, HEATON KD, BRERETON P. Deuterium/Hydrogen Isotope Ratio Measurement of Water and Organic Samples by Continuous-Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Using Chromium as the Reducing Agent in an Elemental Analyser. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2001; 15(15): 1283-1286. doi:10.1002/rcm.303.
[28]. AKAMATSU F, SHIMIZU H, KAMADA A. et. al. Increase in the oxygen stable isotopic composition of water in wine with low ethanol yield. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(11039). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47331-0.
[29]. WONG WW & CLARKE LL. A Hydrogen Gas-Water Equilibration Method Produces Accurate and Precise Stable Hydrogen Isotope Ratio Measurements in Nutrition Studies1,2. J Nutr. 2012; 142(11): 2057-2062. doi:10.3945/jn.112.167957.
[30]. LIS G, WASSENAAR LI, HENDRY MJ. High-precision laser spectroscopy d/h and 18o/16o measurements of microliter natural water samples. Anal. Chem. 2008; 80, 287-293. doi:10.1021/ac701716q.
[31]. PIERCHALA A, ROZANSKI K, DULINSKI M, et. al. High-precision measurements of δ2h, δ18o and δ17o in water with the aid of cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy. isotopes in environmental and health studies. 2019; 55(3): 290-307. doi:10.1080/10256016.2019.1609959.
[32]. HARRIS SJ, LIISBERG J, XIA LL, et. al. N2O isotopocule measurements using laser spectroscopy: analyzer characterization and intercomparison. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2020; 13(5): 2797-2831.
[33]. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Laser spectroscopic analysis of liquid water samples for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. IAEA-TCS-35 Vienna: IAEA, 2009.
[34]. GAT JR, MOOK WG, MEIJER HAJ. Atmospheric Water. In: environmental isotopes in the hydrological cycle: principles and applications. Technical documents in hydrology. Vol. II. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Paris/Vienna, 2000.
[35]. PUTMAN AL, FIORELLA RP, BOWEN GJ CAI Z. A global perspective on local meteoric water lines: meta-analytic insight into fundamental controls and practical constraints. Water Resources Research. 2019; 55: (8): 6896-6910. doi:10.1029/2019WR025181.
[36]. HUGHES CE, CRAWFORD J. A new precipitation weighted method for determining the meteoric water line for hydrological applications demonstrated using australian and global gnip data. Journal of Hydrology. 2012; 464-465: 344-351. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.07.029.
[37]. AGGARWAL PK, ROMATSCHKE U, ARAGUAS ARAGUAS L, et. al. Proportions of convective and stratiform precipitation revealed in water isotope ratios. Nature Geosci. 2016; 9: 624-629. doi:10.1038/ngeo2739.
[38]. BAISDEN WT, KELLER ED, VAN HALE R, et. al. Precipitation isoscapes for new zealand: enhanced temporal detail using precipitation-weighted daily climatology †. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies. 2016; 52: 343-352, doi:10.1080/10256016.2016.1153472.
[39]. SÁNCHEZ MURILLO, R.; DURÁN QUESADA AM, ESQUIVEL HERNÁNDEZ G, et. al. Deciphering key processes controlling rainfall isotopic variability during extreme tropical cyclones. Nat Commun. 2019; 10: 4321. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12062-3.
[40]. PFAHL S, SODEMANN H. What controls deuterium excess in global precipitation? Climate of the Past. 2014; 10: 771-781. doi:10.5194/cp-10-771-2014.
[41]. FROEHLICH K, GIBSON J, AGGARWAL P. Deuterium excess in precipitation and its climatological significance. 2002. Available in: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/CSP-13-P_web.pdf/
[42]. AGGARWAL PK, GAT JR, FROEHLICH KFO. Isotopes in the water cycle. past, present and future of a developing science; Springer Dordrecht, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4020-3010-9.
[43]. GAT JR, MOOK WG, MEIJER HAJ. Environmental isotopes in the hydrological cycle - principles and applications. International Hydrological Programme (IHP-V). Technical Documents in Hydrology. 2000.
[44]. EHLERINGER JR, DAWSON TE. Water uptake by plants: perspectives from stable isotope composition. Plant, Cell & Environment. 1992; 15: 1073-1082. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01657.x.
[45]. AMPUERO GRÁNDEZ A. Evaluación de los indicadores isotópicos en las precipitaciones de la Cuenca del Alto Mayo para su aplicación en la hidrología [tesis en opción del grado de Ingeniero Agrícola]. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola. Lima, Perú, 2016.
[46]. AMPUERO A, STRÍKIS NM, APAÉSTEGUI J, et. al. the forest effects on the isotopic composition of rainfall in the northwestern Amazon Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2020; 125. e2019JD031445, doi:10.1029/2019JD031445.
[47]. ZHANG F, HUANG T, MAN W , et. al. Contribution of recycled moisture to precipitation: a modified d-excess-based model. Geophysical Research Letters. 2021; 48: e2021GL095909. doi:10.1029/2021GL095909.
[48]. LUO P, PENG P, GLEIXNER G, et. al. Empirical relationship between leaf wax n-alkane δd and altitude in the wuyi, shennongjia and tianshan mountains, china: implications for paleoaltimetry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2011; 301: 285-296. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.012.
[49]. JING Z., YU W, LEWIS S, et al. Inverse altitude effect disputes the theoretical foundation of stable isotope paleoaltimetry. Nat Commun. 2022; 13: 4371. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32172-9.
[50]. YAPP CJ. A Model for the relationships between precipitation d/h ratios and precipitation intensity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 1982; 87: 9614-9620. doi:10.1029/JC087iC12p09614.
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